Saturday, December 28, 2019

The Arab Spring During The Middle East And North African...

The Arab Spring brought revolutionary changes to the Middle East and North African region’s authoritarian republics while bypassing its autocratic monarchies. The monarchical exceptionalism that has allowed these states to remain intact is due to a set of three overlapping factors—crosscutting coalitions, hydrocarbon rents, and foreign patronage. Collectively, these factors explain why most of the royal autocracies never experienced widespread protest. The eight Arab monarchies—Jordan, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, and the Persian Gulf states of Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, and the UAE—hold near-absolute power. According to the Gause article, none of the states qualify as constitutional kingships in which the enthroned incumbent exercises only ceremonial influence while an elected parliamentary government makes policy. The region’s kings and emirs not only reign but they also rule. They are the lead decision makers in naming cabinets, determining major domestic and foreign policies, controlling the state’s coercive apparatus, and allowing parliaments and judiciaries limited authority (Gause). According to Gause, the first element of the strategic explanation for monarchical exceptionalism is one that links the historical legacy of domestic choices with a permissive international environment. The majority of the monarchies have used the tool of crosscutting coalitions thereby linking alliances of different soci al constituencies to the ruling family. In general, dictators cannotShow MoreRelatedWomen And The Middle East And North Africa1148 Words   |  5 PagesThe diversities within North Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia (cultural, religious, political, etc.) play a crucial part in the status of women and the key features of gender roles in these particular geographic regions. The Middle East and North Africa share commonalities through Arabic and Islamic culture. Establishing equalities for women amongst the current social and political changes of Middle Eastern and North African societies stands as a difficult obstacle to overcome, but inRead MoreSouth Africas Policy on the Syria2500 Words   |  10 PagesSouth Africa and Syria 2 South Africa and the Wider Middle East Region 2 Problem Statement 3 Objectives 3 Options 4 Sanctions 4 Military Intervention 5 Support the Actions of the Arab League of Nations 5 Analysis of Options 5 Sanctions 5 Military Intervention 6 Support the Actions of the Arab League of Nations 6 Recommendation 7 Conclusion 7 Bibliography 9 Introduction The wave of Arab unrest that began during the Tunisian Revolution reached Syria in Mid March 2011Read MoreThe Potential Effects Of Democracy On The Middle East1971 Words   |  8 Pages The Potential Effects of Democracy in the Middle East Democracy has often been affiliated with reflective notions such as freedom and liberty, as well as the belief that people deserve a voice to represent their demands and the majority of a population should have its way. The first idea of democracy promotion started with Wilsonian ideas, the democratic peace theorem, and the long-term security interests of all democracies (Huber, 2008). It is often regarded as an abstract concept with varyingRead MoreThe Protection Of Human And Civil Rights3088 Words   |  13 Pagesgovernments are noble, but at what price? Protests and rebellions of international magnitude echo with violence and civilian casualties. A recent example of this â€Å"war† has been the Arab Revolts in 2010, which devolved into the full-fledged rebellions known as the â€Å"Arab Spring.† The already tense situations in the Middle East and North Africa, imploded into protests against unfair governments and pursuit of these corrupt leaders. The international c ommunity, especially those of democratic roots were quickRead MoreSecurity Issues Of The Arab Spring Movement2310 Words   |  10 PagesSecurity Issues in Syria This essay will examine how festering and fermenting animosity between Sunni and Shia factions in the region embroils issues of food security and human security with the security issues found in conflict generally. Security is a looking-glass that puts different things as priorities for whomever in question is looking. The security concerns of Bashar al-Assad are different to those of the Free Syrian Army, Jabhat al-Nusra or the Islamic State. While these actors- and thereRead MoreHomosexuality in Islam3723 Words   |  15 Pagesaccepted for inclusion in Macalester Islam Journal by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Macalester College. For more information, please contact scholarpub@macalester.edu. Kligerman: Homosexuality in Islam: Macalester Islam Journal Spring 2007 page 52 ______________________________________________________ Homosexuality in Islam: A Difficult Paradox Nicole Kligerman ‘10 This paper addresses the complex intricacies of homosexuality in Islam by exploring Qur?anic notions of sexualityRead MoreHistory of Education in Northern Nigeria3189 Words   |  13 Pagesexclusively used for the development of human beings in the cognitive, affective, psychomotor and psycho-productive domains. The Northern region of Nigeria is not left out in this process. History has it that the educational system in the Northern part of Nigeria began with the indigenous or traditional education but has evolved in phases with great influence from the Arabs, and western education promoted by the British administration. However, The Jihad by Uthman Dan Fodio helped to revive, spread andRead MoreRoca Essay5103 Words   |  21 Pagesanother town near Barcelona. In 1974, Roca opened a steel bathtub factory. In the 1980s, the company entered the ceramic tiles sector by acquiring the Spanish-based company Cerà ¡micas del Foix. During the 1980s and 1990s, Roca underwent major international expansion mainly in Europe, Latin America and North Afric a, opening commercial subsidiaries, establishing distribution agreements and acquiring local manufacturers in various countries. In 1999, Roca acquired Keramik Laufen, a Swiss-based companyRead MoreThe War Of The Middle East And North Africa2011 Words   |  9 PagesFrom the inception of the Arab Spring in Tunisia to the most recent round of insurrection in Yemen, vulnerable states in the Middle East and North Africa have undergone waves of debilitating conflict. The chain of events that rapidly spread the revolutionary sentiment from capital to capital was not expected, and surprised the world. Ostensibly bloodless coups intermixed with violent rebellion and created a new Middle East and North Africa. The largest, and arguably most important country embroiledRead MoreForeign Intervention On Democracy And Democratization1939 Words   |  8 Pagesthe growth of democracy in the future or whether or not interventions are needed as a mechanism for democratization at all. II. Literature Review and Analysis Democracy has been in a leading position in the world since it began to gain popularity during the beginning of the 20th century (Fukuyama, 2006). Because it expanded through coercive means, it has meant that democracy continues to extend across the world. When communism began to decline, the West was able to extend democracy into several places

Friday, December 20, 2019

A Separate Peace And To Kill A Mockingbird Analysis

Ozichi Chinedu SR Spiers EIH Compare and Contrast Essay 15 Dec. 2017 The two novels A Separate Peace by John Knowles and To Kill a Mockingbird both share major commonalities within the text, which take multiple glances to fully comprehend. For instance, one major commonality that both novels share is the recurring symbol that plays a major role in the character’s lives. That symbol is the tree. This tree that captivates both Scout and Jem in To Kill a Mockingbird, and the tree that shows the bond between Gene and Finny in A Separate Peace. Contrarily, in both texts, the authors use this same tree as a symbol of a loss between the characters. To illustrate, in A Separate Peace the protagonist Gene and his connection to the tree is a†¦show more content†¦He uses the tree by filling it with small items he finds in his house to communicate with the neighborhood kids. â€Å"We were walking past our tree in its knot-hole rested a ball of twine.† (Lee 66). These objects in the tree connected with Scout and Jem because the kids would ta ke them and wait for more, they valued these small tokens of benevolence from Boo. Notwithstanding, in both texts, the author uses the tree to symbolize loss. In To Kill a Mockingbird the author uses the tree that was originally giving gifts from Boo Radley to Scout and Jem had gotten plugged, courtesy of Boo’s father, Nathan. When Nathan did this he was basically cutting off Boo’s communication between Boo and the kids. â€Å"Trees dying, you plug them with cement when they’re sick.† (Lee 70). nevertheless, this tree was perfectly fine. Nathan Radley was not content with Boo going outside and leaving â€Å"gifts† in trees for the neighborhood. He was, however, content with Boo staying locked in the house. Not only that but in A Separate Peace the tree that once symbolized the bond between Gene and Finny, now symbolize the loss between a friend and what he loves. Finny and Gene had created a group that in order to join you needed to jump from the t ree. This group was named The Super Suicide Society of the Summer Session. One night the boys were having a meeting and something out of the ordinary happened, when Finny was getting ready to jump with Gene behindShow MoreRelatedTo Kill A Mockingbird And A Separate Peace By John Knowles1315 Words   |  6 PagesThe informed, written analysis and evaluation of a work of literature is known as literary criticism, which is based on a literary theory. An examples of such a literary theory is intertextual criticism, involving the comparison of two separate novels. Written by Harper Lee, To Kill a Mockingbird is comparable to A Separate Peace by John Knowles. Both novels are fictitious and showcase universal symbols, themes, characters, and numerous other literary devices utilized by authors. Similarities betweenRead MoreLiterary Criticism In To Kill A Mockingbird And A Separate Peace By Harper Lee1506 Words   |  7 PagesAn informed written analysis and evaluation of a piece of work i s known as literary criticism, and it is often based on literary theory. One literary theory technique is intertextual criticism, which allows the reader to acknowledge similarities between literature. Throughout Harper Lee’s fictitious novel To Kill A Mockingbird, and the historical fiction novel A Separate Peace by John Knowles, the authors take advantage of intertextual criticism to identify universal themes and symbols within theirRead More The Reality of To Kill A Mockingbird Essay1445 Words   |  6 PagesThe Reality of To Kill A Mockingbird The novel, To Kill A Mockingbird, takes place during a racially intense time in history. Harper Lee’s novel was intended to bring a harsh sense of reality to the real world, and demonstrate how it really was during this time in history. This novel is set in Maycomb, Alabama, somewhere during the time period of 1925-1935. Times were hard for the citizens of Maycomb during this period, because of the depression. There are many fictional events in thisRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost Essay2201 Words   |  9 Pagesdifferent bildungsromans from different eras and regions to fully determine the necessary characteristics of a bildungsroman, like The Odyssey, To Kill a Mockingbird, David Copperfield, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, and The Catcher in the Rye. One of the most well-known bildungsromans and one of the most applicable to Eve’s development is To Kill a Mockingbird. Scout Finch goes through a process comparable to Eve’s, and will b e especially useful in assessing Eve’s maturation since they are both heroinesRead MorePrejudice-to Kill a Mockingbird and Martin Luther King5895 Words   |  24 Pagesstep. In the twenty-first century prejudice and its destruction can be viewed in many forms of modern literature. Two of the most famous and rejoiced literatures that examine the theme of prejudice are Harper Lee’s realist fiction novel ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’ and Martin Luther King’s heart warming speech ‘I Have a Dream’. Both texts explore the theme of prejudice of white Americans on the Blacks in the racially tense times of the early twentieth century. Unlike Harper Lee, Martin Luther King goesRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 PagesVoyage of the Dawn Treader (for plot character Eustace Scrubb) by C. S. Lewis (1952) Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison (1952) In the Castle of My Skin, by George Lamming (1953)[31] Goodbye, Columbus, by Philip Roth (1959)[32] A Separate Peace, by John Knowles (1959) To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee (1960)[30] Dune, by Frank Herbert (1965)[33] The Outsiders, by S. E. Hinton (1967)[34] A Wizard of Earthsea, by Ursula K. Le Guin (1968)[35] I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, by Maya Angelou (1969) Bless MeRead MoreNoughts and Crosses14387 Words   |  58 Pagesthat may separate Callum and Sephy (Kamal Hadley, Jude, the Liberation Militia, prejudice, hatred and so on). Ask students representing the destructive forces to stand between Sephy and Callum, displaying cards that label their threat. What forces will keep them together? (Love, loyalty.) Select students to represent these positive forces, too. The students playing Sephy and Callum must decide which of the forces is most destructive of their friendship and indeed if any will separate them. TheRead MoreFigurative Language and the Canterbury Tales13472 Words   |  54 Pagesrepetition of the same word or group of words at the beginnings of successive clauses. †¢ The Lord sits above the water floods. The Lord remains a King forever. The Lord shall give strength to his people. The lord shall give his people the blessings of peace. -Ps. 29 †¢ â€Å"Let us march to the realization of the American dream. Let us march on segregated housing. Let us march on segregated schools. Let us march on poverty. Let us march on ballot boxes.... --Martin Luther King, Jr. †¢ Mad world

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Organic Compounds free essay sample

Organic compound From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Methane is one of the simplest organic compoundsAn organic compound is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon. For historical reasons discussed below, a few types of carbon-containing compounds such as carbonates, simple oxides of carbon and cyanides, as well as the allotropes of carbon such as diamond and graphite, are considered inorganic. The distinction between organic and inorganic carbon compounds, while useful in organizing he vast subject of chemistry s somewhat arbitrary . [1] Organic chemistry is the science concerned with all aspects of organic compounds. Organic synthesis is the methodology of their preparation. Contents [hide] 1 History 1. 1 Vitalism 1. 2 Modern classification 2 Classification 2. 1 Natural compounds 2. 2 Synthetic compounds 3 Nomenclature 4 Databases 5 Structure determination 6 See also 7 References 8 External links [edit] History [edit] Vitalism The name organic is historical, dating back to the 1st century. [citation needed] For any centuries, Western alchemists believed in vitalism. This is the theory that certain compounds could only be synthesized from their classical elements † Earth, Water, Air and Fire † by action of a life-force (vis vitals) possessed only by organisms. Vitalism taught that these organic compounds were fundamentally different from the inorganic compounds that could be obtained from the elements by chemical manipulation. Vitalism survived for a while even after the rise of modern atomic theory and the replacement of the Aristotelian elements by those we know today. It first came under to occur only in living organisms, from cyanogen. [citation needed] A more decisive experiment was Wohlers 1828 synthesis of urea from the inorganic salts potassium cyanate and ammonium sulfate. Urea had long been considered to be an organic compound as it was known to occur only in the urine of living organisms. Wohlers experiments were followed by many others, where increasingly complex organic substances were produced from inorganic ones without the involvement of any living organism. [citation needed] [edit] Modern classification Even after vitalism had been disproved, the distinction between organic and inorganic compounds has been retained through the present. The modern meaning of organic compound is any one of them that contains a significant amount of carbon even though many of the organic compounds known today have no connection whatsoever with any substance found in living organisms. There is no official definition of an organic compound. Some text books define an organic compound as one containing one or more C-H bonds; others include C-C onds in the definition. Others state that if a molecule contains carbon it is organic. Even the broader definition of carbon-containing molecules requires the exclusion of carbon-containing alloys (including steel), a relatively small number of carbon- containing compounds such as metal carbonates and carbonyls, simple oxides of carbon and cyanides, as well as the allotropes of carbon and simple carbon halides and sulfides, which are usually considered to be inorganic. The C-H definition excludes compounds which are historically and practically onsidered to be organic. Neither urea nor oxalic acid are organic by this definition, yet they were two key compounds in the vitalism debate. The IIJPAC Blue Book on organic nomenclature specifically mentions urea[3] and oxalic acid. [4] Other compounds lacking C-H bonds that are also traditionally considered to be organic include benzenehexol, mesoxalic acid, and carbon tetrachloride. Mellitic acid, which contains no C-H bonds, is considered to be a possible organic substance in Martian soil. All do, however, contain C-C bonds. [5] The C-H bond only rule also leads to somewhat arbitrary divisions in sets of carbon- fluorine compounds, as for example Teflon is considered by this rule inorganic but Tefzel organic; similarly many Halons are considered inorganic while the rest are organic. For these and other reasons, most sources consider C-H compounds to be only a subset of organic compounds. To summarize: Most carbon-containing compounds are organic, and most compounds with a C-H bond are organic. Not all organic compounds necessarily contain C-H bonds (e. g. urea). See Classification of organic compounds Organic compounds may be classified in a variety of ways. One major distinction is between natural and synthetic compounds. Organic compounds can also be classified or subdivided by the presence of heteroatoms, e. g. organometallic compounds which feature bonds between carbon and a metal, and organophosphorus compounds which feature bonds between carbon and a phosphorus. Another distinction, based upon the size of organic compounds, distinguishes between small molecules and polymers. [edit] Natural compounds Natural compounds refer to those that are produced by plants or animals. Many of these are still extracted from natural sources because they would be far too expensive to be produced artificially. Examples include most sugars, some alkaloids and terpenoids, certain nutrients such as vitamin 812, and in general, those natural products with large or stereoisometrically complicated molecules present in reasonable concentrations in living organisms. Further compounds of prime importance in biochemistry are antigens, carbohydrates, enzymes, hormones, lipids and fatty acids, neurotransmitters, nucleic cids, proteins, peptides and amino acids, lectins, vitamins and fats and oils. edit] Synthetic compounds Compounds that are prepared by reaction of other compounds are referred to as synthetic. They may be either compounds that already are found in plants or animals (semi synthetic compounds), or those that do not occur naturally. Most polymers (a category which includes all plastics and rubbers), are organic compounds. [edit] Nomenclature The IUPAC nomenclature o f organic compounds slightly differs from the CAS nomenclature. [edit] Databases The CAS database is the most comprehensive repository for data on organic compounds. The search tool SciFinder is offered. The Beilstein database contains information on 9. 8 million substances, covers the scientific literature from 1771 to the present, and is today accessible via Crossfire. Structures and a large diversity of physical and chemical properties is available for each substance, with reference to original literature. PubChem contains 18. 4 million entries on compounds and especially covers the field of medicinal chemistry.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Marketing Segmentation Strategy Free Sample for Students

Questions: 1.Multisegment Targeting Offers Many Benefits to Firms, as well as Many Additional Costs. List two benefits and four Costs of Multisegment Targeting. Provide Examples and Elaboration.2.Name and Describe four Categories of New Products.3.List the Four Stages of the Product life Cycle. Then describe the Promotional Strategies used in each Stage.4.Describe all four tools of the Promotional mix to Promote the Product. Answers: Benefits and costs of multi-segmenting For a company to succeed there is the need for segmenting the market so that the parts of the market can be served best and makes the company profitable at the same time. The need for strategies that enhance the best relationships with the right customers is always a priority for many firms that are competing[1]. The traditional mass marketing that used to be a custom for most companies is now being abandoned. The companies are now producing products that are tailored to meet specific needs of the customers. It has been noted that consumers have varying tastes and preferences and as such segmenting and targeting such customers have benefited most companies that engage in such practices of segmentation[2]. One of the advantages of segmentation is that it increases the focus on the enterprise. Segmentation has the power of enabling a company focus on specific market segments. The returns in most cases increase with increases in attention[3]. A good example is the automobile industry li ke Toyota who started focusing on sectors that deal with small cars, a move that has seen Toyota rise globally. Multi-segmenting increases the competitiveness of the company[4]. Once a company focuses on a particular segment it means that such a firm will innovate products that suit such a market making the business more competitive as compared to the competitors[5]. A good illustration is the Johnsons baby products that segmented the baby market and specializes in baby stuffs a move that has seen Johnson claim a large portion of the market share globally. However, there are some limitations with multi segmenting and are referred to as the costs[6]. With the geographic segmentation, it is limited in scope in the sense that it generalizes the tastes and preferences of consumers. The geographic segmentation requires combination with another strategy so as to be effective. Segments, on the other hand, tend to be small which may affect the operation of a firm. In the case that the marke t served is small, it means the company will experience low turnover which threatens a companys viability in the long-run. In a market that has many brands, it may be risky segmenting such markets due to the many competitors providing such products. As a consequence, there are additional costs that reduce the profits for the firm. Lastly, in the case of a new product, it may be deemed risky segmenting such a market as no research has been conducted on such new products[7]. Convincing the consumers to utilize such commodities may take extra effort so as to segment such a market. 2.Categories of new products Products can get categorized into various classifications depending on the level they are placed on the market. One category is that of new to world products where a company goes an extra mile producing a product that has never existed before[8]. In this category, the firm diversifies the product, and in most cases, the products are only new to the firm but not to the already existing the market[9]. A good illustration is the Coca-Cola Company that is well known for the good quality of its beverages. If Coca Cola decides to diversify into snacks and cookies, then these new products would be classified as the new for the Coca-Cola Company. The second classification is the product line extension which is the companys additional of more products to the already existing stock. In this category, a company develops a brand that stands out among others regarding color, shape, and texture. In the example of Coca-Cola Company, as it has been observed, the company is producing an additional product such as mineral water and juices and as such would get considered as additional products[10]. With product improvements, it entails making amendments to the existing product that is in the marketplace. In most cases, the change may be minor or major and may involve developing the features of the products to suit the changing needs of the consumers. In some cases, the process is aimed at updating the products so that they meet the standards that are in the market or it may be the case of technological improvement making the commodities to be improved at the same time. Such upgrades may make the product competitive and increase the benefits that consumers can get from such a product. A good example is the Microsoft that has always been updating the windows, for instance, there was Windows 7, then Windows 8 and currently the consumers are using Windows 10[11]. Finally, product repositioning involves changing the image of a product in the marketplace; however, the product in most instances is an existing product. In most instances, there is communication that is intended to depict the range of benefits from such a product. Reposition of the product is also followed by changing the design of the product either through the mode of packaging. A good illustration is when in the past, Lucozade was meant for the sick, but as of today, it has been repositioned to serve the athletes. 3.Product lifecycle Consumers have the tendency of purchasing products in the markets worth millions of money every year. The products purchased just like the human beings have a lifecycle meaning that there are those products that exit the market earlier as compared to the others. The new products, on the other hand, have the advantage of being dominant in the market and gaining popularity. Most companies, on the other hand, have invested heavily in product development after realizing that their products have a limited lifespan and it is, therefore, their responsibility to make sure they remain relevant in the market[12]. As products move and evolve along the four stages, various stages should be employed to maintain the success of the product. The promotional strategies that can be employed are as follows: Introduction When launching a new product in the market, the main objective of the firm will be to inform the target group of the existence of such a product. Launching a new product is the most expensive stage for any company. At this stage, it will be critical to employ informative advertising such as the radio, television, and magazines[13]. Growth At this stage, it is characterized by increase in the sales volume and profits. It is at this stage that the company enjoys the economies of scale which has the effect of pushing the profits margins up. The firms as a result of reaping the profits have the advantage of spending money on the promotional strategies with the aim of maximizing their potential. Since the product has already gained acceptance from the target market, the firm will use a strategy that aims at increasing the loyalty of the customers[14]. Maturity At maturity stage, the product is already established, and in most instances, the manufacturer aims at maintaining the market share. It is at this juncture that competition is at its highest among the firms and businesses are advised to invest wisely in any market they wish to penetrate. The product should also be in a position to undergo modifications or upgrades which can make them more competitive in the market. Since the product experiences more competition from the other brands, there is need to engage in persuasive advertising to entice their clients to use their products over those produced by the competitors. The benefits or advantages of using a product should be communicated to the audience clearly[15]. Decline The market for the product at this stage begins to decline a stage referred to as the decline stage. The decline could be associated with a market getting saturated or because the consumers have switched to a particular product. The decline stage though inevitable, it still provides opportunities for companies to continue reaping profits through reducing the costs of production or firms venturing into cheaper markets. Reminder advertising would be favorable at this stage reminding consumers that the product still exists. 4.Tools of promotional mix One of the instruments is advertising where it is necessary that awareness of the new program should be created either through the flyers conveying the message on weight loss. Advertising can also assume the dimensions of the media through the television, radio, and internet[16]. Sales promotion is also another useful tool. In this case, since the program is very in the market, it would be necessary to have the customers believe that there will be price cuts may be 15% off would be a great deal and attract many customers[17]. Public relations are aimed at creating a lasting impression about the company. Holding a charity campaign for the neighborhood may create a good deal for the new program. Publicity may entail inviting some prominent person who gets featured in advertising campaigns using the new products[18]. Personal selling has always held the compelling power of convincing the customers to purchase the products[19]. Conducting door to door campaigns informing people of the new product and its advantages and benefits has the power of inducing some people to join the program[20]. References Akers, Helen. 2017. "What Is Multi-Segment Marketing?". Smallbusiness.Chron.Com. https://smallbusiness.chron.com/multisegment-marketing-25419.html. Bhasin, Hitesh. 2016. "6 Advantages Of Segmentation - Benefits Of Segmentation".Marketing91.Com. https://www.marketing91.com/6-advantages-segmentation/. Bhasin, Hitesh. 2017. "Limitations Of Segmentation - Disadvantages Of Segmentation".Marketing91.Com. https://www.marketing91.com/limitations-segmentation/. Chand, Smiriti. 2017. "Advantages And Disadvantages Of Market Segmentation".Yourarticlelibrary.Com: The Next Generation Library. Accessed April https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/marketing/marketing-management/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-market-segmentation/27955/. Chand, Smiriti. 2017. "5 Main Stages Of Product Life Cycle". Yourarticlelibrary.Com: The Next Generation Library. Accessed April 1. https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/marketing/product/5-main-stages-of-product-life-cycle/29855/. Claessens, Maximilian. 2017. "Categories Of New Products - What Is A New Product? -Marketing-Insider". Marketing-Insider. https://marketing-insider.eu/categories-of-new-products/. Converse, Paul Dulaney, and Fred Mitchell Jones. 2008. Introduction To Marketing.Place of publication not identified]: [Meisel Press]. Foundation, Edward Lowe. 2017. "How To Establish A Promotional Mix-Edward Lowe .Foundation". Edward Lowe Foundation. https://edwardlowe.org/how-to-establish-a-promotional-mix/.Gorchels, Linda. 2012. The Product Manager's Handbook. 1st ed. New York:McGraw-Hill. Grace, Karen. 2017. "Categories Of New Products". Prezi.Com. Accessed April 1.https://prezi.com/pikbvyepyr1l/categories-of-new-products/. Jobber, David, and Fiona Ellis-Chadwick. 2016. Principles And Practice Of Marketing.London: McGraw-Hill Education. Kurtz, David L, and Louis E Boone. 2007. Principles Of Marketing. Australia: Thomson.Lombardo, Jennifer. 2017. "Types Of New Products: New Product Lines, ProductImprovements More - Video Lesson Transcript | Study.Com". Study.Com. Accessed April 1. https://study.com/academy/lesson/types-of-new-products-new-product-lines-product-improvements-more.html. Manis, KT. 2014. "Promoting Products: 5 Components Of The Promotional Mix". https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20141002042202-284765029-promoting-products-5-components-of-the-promotional-mix. Morello, Robert. 2017. "What Is Multi-Segment Marketing?". Yourbusiness.Azcentral.Com. https://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/multisegment-marketing-13056.html. Mulder, Patty. 2014. "Product Life Cycle Stages Theory By Raymond Vernon |oolshero". Toolshero. https://www.toolshero.com/marketing/product-life-cycle-stages/. Peterson, Roger. 2007. Principles Of Marketing. Delhi: Global Media. Rizzi, Vanessa. 2017. "Why Market Segmentation Is Crucial For Your Business". Entrepreneurhandbook.Co.Uk. https://entrepreneurhandbook.co.uk/why-market-segmentation-is-crucial-for-your-business/. S, Nithya. 2017. "Top 5 Elements Of Promotional Mix | Products". Essays, Research Papers And Articles On Business Management. https://www.businessmanagementideas.com/advertisement/promotional-mix/top- 5-elements-of-promotional-mix-products/8114.V, Martin. 2014. "Marketing Mix | Promotion In Four P's". Cleverism. https://www.cleverism.com/promotion-four-ps-marketing-mix Akers, Helen. 2017. "What Is Multi-Segment Marketing?". Smallbusiness.Chron.Com.https://smallbusiness.chron.com/multisegment-marketing-25419.html. Kurtz, David L, and Louis E Boone. 2007. Principles Of Marketing. Australia: Thomson.Bhasin, Hitesh. 2016. "6 Advantages Of Segmentation - Benefits Of Segmentation".Marketing91.Com. https://www.marketing91.com/6-advantages-segmentation/ Chand, Smiriti. 2017. "Advantages And Disadvantages Of Market Segmentation". Yourarticlelibrary.Com: The Next Generation Library. Accessed April 1. https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/marketing/marketing-management/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-market-segmentation/27955/. [Rizzi, Vanessa. 2017. "Why Market Segmentation Is Crucial For Your Business". Entrepreneurhandbook.Co.Uk. https://entrepreneurhandbook.co.uk/why-market-segmentation-is-crucial-for-your-business/. Bhasin, Hitesh. 2017. "Limitations Of Segmentation - Disadvantages Of Segmentation". Marketing91.Com. https://www.marketing91.com/limitations-segmentation/ Morello, Robert. 2017. "What Is Multi-Segment Marketing?". Yourbusiness.Azcentral.Com. https://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/multisegment-marketing-13056.html. Gorchels, Linda. 2012. The Product Manager's Handbook. 1st ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. Claessens, Maximilian. 2017. "Categories Of New Products - What Is A New Product? - Marketing-Insider". Marketing-Insider. https://marketing-insider.eu/categories-of-new-products/. Grace, Karen. 2017. "Categories Of New Products". Prezi.Com. Accessed April 1. https://prezi.com/pikbvyepyr1l/categories-of-new-products/. Lombardo, Jennifer. 2017. "Types Of New Products: New Product Lines, Product Improvements More - Video Lesson Transcript | Study.Com". Study.Com. Accessed April 1. https://study.com/academy/lesson/types-of-new-products-new-product-lines-product-improvements-more.html. Peterson, Roger. 2007. Principles Of Marketing. Delhi: Global Media. Chand, Smiriti. 2017. "5 Main Stages Of Product Life Cycle". Yourarticlelibrary.Com: The Next Generation Library. Accessed April 1. https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/marketing/product/5-main-stages-of-product-life-cycle/29855/. Mulder, Patty. 2014. "Product Life Cycle Stages Theory By Raymond Vernon | Toolshero". Toolshero. https://www.toolshero.com/marketing/product-life-cycle-stages/. Converse, Paul Dulaney, and Fred Mitchell Jones. 2008. Introduction To Marketing. [Place of publication not identified]: [Meisel Press]. Foundation, Edward Lowe. 2017. "How To Establish A Promotional Mix - Edward Lowe Foundation". Edward Lowe Foundation. https://edwardlowe.org/how-to-establish-a-promotional-mix/. Jobber, David, and Fiona Ellis-Chadwick. 2016. Principles And Practice Of Marketing. London: McGraw-Hill Education.[17] Manis, KT. 2014. "Promoting Products: 5 Components Of The Promotional Mix". https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20141002042202-284765029-promoting-products-5-components-of-the-promotional-mix. V, Martin. 2014. "Marketing Mix | Promotion In Four P's". Cleverism. https://www.cleverism.com/promotion-four-ps-marketing-mix/. S, Nithya. 2017. "Top 5 Elements Of Promotional Mix | Products". Essays, Research Papers And Articles On Business Management. https://www.businessmanagementideas.com/advertisement/promotional-mix/top-5-elements-of-promotional-mix-products/8114.